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Sustainable Future

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Combined Performance and Sustainability Summary 2025

Building a Sustainable Future is about seeking to actively migrate adult smokers, who would otherwise continue to smoke, from cigarettes to smokeless alternatives responsibly and with integrity.

Science will be a primary driver of our efforts, supported by more active external engagement and regulatory focus, while embedding sustainability across our organisation.

The key building blocks of the Sustainable Future pillar are:
  • Tobacco Harm Reduction Acceptance
  • Shaping the Landscape
  • Leading in Sustainability and Integrity
Our commitments under Sustainable Future:
  • Building a Smokeless World
  • Investing in the products, science and engagement to make A Better Tomorrow™ a reality
  • Conducting our business responsibly and with integrity

Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR) Acceptance

Reducing the health impact of our business by Building a Smokeless World is crucial to a sustainable future. We believe, with greater acceptance of Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR) as a public health strategy, a Smokeless World can be achieved. This would ultimately be evidenced by a significant reduction in projected population level smoking-related morbidity and mortality.

Shaping the Landscape

THR and nicotine

Societal understanding of nicotine is crucial in THR. A common misconception is that nicotine, as a substance, is the primary cause of smoking-related diseases. However, the cause of the vast majority of such diseases is not exposure to nicotine, but the toxicants released by the burning of tobacco.

Adult consumer choice is an important component of THR success. We recognise that smokers, who would otherwise continue to smoke, are more likely to switch to Smokeless alternatives when they find a product that delivers convenience and similar sensorial satisfaction.

A simplified version of the BAT strategy triangle highlighting the Sustainable Future section in green.

Our Ten THR Beliefs

In our view, the fastest and most effective way to achieve a Smokeless World is to embrace THR as a public health strategy for those who would otherwise continue to smoke.

Our ambition to reduce the health impacts of our business is clear. For many years we have worked diligently to develop and offer a range of reduced-risk*† tobacco and nicotine products compared to cigarettes. This fulfils a core part of the THR equation; we provide those adult smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke with options to switch completely to smokeless alternatives.

While progress has been made, there is still more to do to make a Smokeless World a reality. Through our Ten Beliefs, our commitment to THR is reaffirmed, recognising the significant opportunity it presents to Build a Smokeless World.

We have invested significantly in THR through the development of our portfolio of Smokeless products. This has resulted in Smokeless products becoming more acceptable to those who would otherwise continue to smoke, and commercially sustainable. Our engagement with regulators and policy makers on THR is underpinned by our open and transparent regulatory positions.

We believe:

  • 1

    A Smokeless World is possible.

  • 2

    Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR), underpinned by robust science, is the best route to a Smokeless World.

  • 3

    The weight of evidence supports THR today.

  • 4

    The public health community should embrace THR and smokeless alternatives, not prohibition.

  • 5

    Tobacco and nicotine are for adults only and
    never for the underaged.

  • 6

    Adult nicotine consumers should have access to information about smokeless alternatives and the right to make informed choices.

  • 7

    If you don't smoke, don't start. If you smoke, quit. If you choose not to quit, switch completely to Smokeless products.

  • 8

    Innovation and a well-regulated, responsible marketplace are critical to enabling THR.

  • 9

    No one can drive a Smokeless World alone.

  • 10

    A Better Tomorrow™ is a Smokeless World.

Omni – one year on

In 2025 we celebrated a year of Omni™, our dynamic resource and manifesto for change. From achieving over 12,000 downloads and launching in 23 markets across the world, to winning awards externally, our ground-breaking platform continues to evolve.

Omni™ was named the Global PR Campaign of the Year at the 2025 Platinum PR Awards in New York, and was also recognised by one of Spain’s leading newspapers, La Razón, winning the Innovative and Transformative Initiative Driving Change Towards a Smoke-Free World award.

Our ambition to lead the THR conversation through robust science and evidence is fundamental. As evidence and science progress, so will Omni™, and we will continue to offer insights and drive progress to Build a Smokeless World and create A Better Tomorrow™.

Another THR milestone in 2025 was the launch of The Smokeless Word podcast – inspired by themes from Omni™. Hosted by our Chief Corporate Officer, Kingsley Wheaton, and available on all streaming platforms, listeners are invited to explore new perspectives on what Building a Smokeless World means.

The thought-provoking series has grown in popularity, garnering over 23 million views5 in 2025, and provides reflective, unfiltered conversations with a wide range of guests.

Bald man with glasses in a dark suit and white shirt speaking into a microphone labeled 'The Smokeless Word' against a brick wall background.
Kingsley Wheaton, Chief Corporate Officer, hosting The Smokeless Word podcast
Notes:
*

Based on the weight of evidence and assuming a complete switch from cigarette smoking. These products are not risk free and are addictive.

Products sold in the U.S., including Vuse, Velo, Grizzly, Kodiak, and Camel Snus, are subject to FDA regulation and no reduced-risk claims will be made as to these products without agency clearance.

  1. Word Health Organization, WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2021: addressing new and emerging products. 2021. Available at: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/343287
  2. Lindson N, Butler AR, McRobbie H, Bullen C, Hajek P, Begh R, Theodoulou A, Notley C, Rigotti NA, Turner T, Livingstone-Banks J, Morris T, Hartmann-Boyce J.
    Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2024, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD010216. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub8
  3. Tobacco Intelligence, Regulatory & Market Intelligence for Alternative Tobacco & Nicotine Products, Nicotine Pouch Market Database, Quarter 1 Report. 2024.
  4. WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000-2024 and projections 2025-2030. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Available at: www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240116276
  5. Organic, paid and YouTube views of The Smokeless Word podcast in 2025
Smiling middle-aged man with short light hair wearing a dark blazer and white shirt.

Sustained  Transformation

As the external sustainability landscape evolves, our operating model, data, and digital capabilities will enable us to navigate and adapt with confidence.

Jonathan Upward
Chief Sustainability Officer

Read the full review
Smiling middle-aged man with short light hair wearing a dark blazer and white shirt.

Message from our Chief Sustainability Officer

As we transform our business, we remain steadfast in our purpose of building A Better Tomorrow™.

Dear stakeholders,

As BAT’s Chief Sustainability Officer, I am pleased to present the sustainability section of our 2025 Combined Annual and Sustainability Report.

Over the past 26 years at BAT, I have developed a deep understanding of our business, its legacy, its complexities, and the transformation we’re undertaking.

My background in operations has shaped a pragmatic, delivery-focused approach, which I believe is critical for translating strategy into measurable and meaningful impact.

We continue to embed sustainability across the business as a strategic lever, driving performance, enhancing resilience, and enabling long-term growth.

To achieve this, we have a sustainability strategy anchored in four interconnected impact areas beyond Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR): Climate, Nature, Circularity, and Communities.

By concentrating on our impact areas, our strategy is designed to mitigate risks, strengthen resilience across our supply chain, and seek to bring positive value where we operate.

Having worked across operations in diverse geographies, I have seen first-hand that having the right sustainability strategy is only the starting point. The real challenge lies in implementing it effectively, consistently, and in a way that makes commercial sense. We continue to deepen our understanding of our value chain, embedding carbon considerations into decision-making, shaping our approach to protecting nature, and supporting our farming households through investments in education and livelihoods.

I am focused on harnessing key enablers to deliver across our impact areas:

– Technology that drives faster, better-informed decisions;
– Policy capabilities to anticipate and respond to evolving regulatory requirements on a wide range of sustainability topics, including supply chain due diligence, circularity and reporting; and
– Stakeholder engagement that fosters collaboration with suppliers, peers, and thought leaders to achieve better outcomes.

“As the external sustainability landscape evolves, our operating model, data, and digital capabilities will enable us to navigate and adapt with confidence.”

This section of the report is more than a strategy update. It explains why we are confident this is the right path for our business.

Its theme, Shifting Perspectives, Through Sustained Transformation reflects where we stand today, at a pivotal moment of change. We are moving from a legacy of combustibles to a Smokeless World, a transformation that demands bold thinking and a forward-looking approach. That same shift drives our approach to sustainability, which is grounded in data. This will help us drive decision-making, strengthen our ability to anticipate regulatory changes and foster business resilience.

Looking back at the last few years, we have made meaningful progress across all of our impact areas: reducing emissions throughout our value chain and leading in water stewardship, advancing regenerative agriculture practices, embedding eco-design principles in our Smokeless products and working with our suppliers to manage exposure to risks in our supply chain relating to labour standards and practices.

These successes have been achieved through the dedication and expertise of our teams.

I am proud of what we have accomplished together and energised for what lies ahead. Our journey is about ‘doing the right thing right’, for us, our stakeholders, and the environment.

As our 2025 targets reach maturity, we are setting our sights on the future with new 2030 targets, informed by our Double Materiality Assessment (DMA)^ and aligned with our sustainability strategy.

Under each impact area of the strategy, four clear targets guide our efforts through 2030 and beyond, reinforcing our commitment to responsible growth and long-term value creation.

These will enable us to proactively manage broad impacts, regulatory shifts, and evolving stakeholder expectations.

Our commitment to sustainability is reflected in our oversight of the Sustainable Future pillar of the Group’s strategic navigator, supported by strong cross-functional engagement. Across our global business, people are eager to contribute to sustainability and drive positive impact.

In progressing A Better Tomorrow™, we are embedding sustainability considerations into our strategic decision-making and operations: restoring and regenerating ecosystems and maintaining the trusted relationships we have built with local communities. At the same time, we remain committed to playing a leading role in THR, supporting a Smokeless future.

By doing so, we not only aim to mitigate sustainability-related risks but also to create long-term value for our stakeholders and consumers. This philosophy underpins A Better Tomorrow™, strengthening our capacity to adapt, compete and grow in a rapidly changing environment.

On the following page, and in the What’s Next? sections of the Annual Report 2025, you will find more details about our new targets and priorities.

We invite all stakeholders to engage with the report, ask questions and provide suggestions.

Jonathan Upward
Chief Sustainability Officer

Read more about our sustainability ratings performance in our ‘Sustainability Performance Data Book’ at bat.com/reporting

Notes:
^

Although financial materiality has been considered in the development of our Double Materiality Assessment (DMA), our DMA and any conclusions in this document as to the materiality or significance of sustainability matters do not imply that all topics discussed therein are financially material to our business taken as a whole, and such topics may not significantly alter the total mix of information available about our securities.

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Note:
^ Although financial materiality has been considered in the development of our Double Materiality Assessment (DMA), our DMA and any conclusions in this document as to the materiality or significance of sustainability matters do not imply that all topics discussed there in are financially material to our business taken as a whole, and such topics may not significantly alter the total mix of information available about  our securities.

Our sustainability strategy

In addition to THR, our sustainability strategy is anchored in four interconnected impact areas:

Climate
Nature
Circularity
Communities
A circular graphic showing the 5 parts of the BAT strategy wheel

Our new 2030 sustainability targets

This page presents our updated and new targets and ambitions for 2030. Their performance will be reported in our FY26 Combined Annual and Sustainability Report. The complete set of targets – along with details on updates, retirements, and resets – is available in our 2025 Sustainability Performance Data Book.

Climate

Remaining committed to our science-based emission reduction targets, while acknowledging our dependency on local grid decarbonisation.

60%
absolute reduction in Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions (versus 2020 baseline)1
Updated target
30.3%
reduction in Scope 3 (Forest, Land and Agriculture) FLAG emissions (versus 2020 baseline)1
Unchanged target
42%
reduction in Scope 3 industrial (non-FLAG) emissions (versus 2020 baseline)1
Unchanged target
>50%
of energy used in own operations to be from low-carbon sources
Updated target

Nature

Supporting BAT’s long-term resilience through targets for protecting and restoring the natural resources that we rely on.

WATER POSITIVE
in our own operations2
New target
100%
of prioritised water-stressed agricultural basins with water stewardship programmes
New target
DEFORESTATION
FREE
across our primary deforestation-linked commodities3
Updated target
65%
of directly-contracted arable land adopting regenerative agriculture practices
New target

CIRCULARITY

Broadening the scope of circularity targets, in line with BAT’s overall transformation strategy.

50,000t
reduction in total product material use4
New target
100%
of New Category products and packaging launched with eco-design principles5
New target
100%
Vapour devices to have removable batteries6
New target
100%
of markets investing in consumer education programmes for the responsible disposal of our New Category products7
New target

Communities

Strengthening social and supply chain resilience through new targets for farming, supplier and employee communities.

90%
of farming households engaged in livelihood programmes in priority geographies
New target
ZERO
tolerance for child and forced labour in our supply chain8
Updated ambition
100%
of prioritised non-tobacco suppliers engaged in our enhanced Human Rights Due Diligence Framework
New target
>85
Employee Engagement Index9
New target
Notes:
  1. Compared to a 2020 baseline. Our near-term 2030 science-based targets comprise a 50% reduction in Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions. We have set an updated corporate target of 60% reduction in Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions, reflecting our ambition to go beyond our current Science-Based Target. The Scope 3 industrial (non-FLAG) GHG emissions target includes purchased goods and services, upstream transportation and distribution, use of sold products, and end-of-life treatment of sold products. The Scope 3 FLAG GHG emissions target includes FLAG emissions and removals. Combined, these targets comprised 77% of Scope 3 emissions in 2020. Due to the complexity of consolidating Scope 3 data from our suppliers and value chain, we report Scope 3 data one year behind other metrics. Refer to the BAT ‘Reporting Criteria’ for our full methodology: bat.com/reporting.
  2. Water Positive means BAT would return more water to the environment through restoration, replenishment and regeneration projects than it withdraws for its own operations.
  3. In-scope commodities (currently pulp and paper, tobacco, curing wood) are assessed for deforestation.
  4. Excludes materials where regulatory restrictions prevent reduction.
  5. Excludes single-use Vapour products. Eco-design principles guide the design and development of products with lower environmental impact, emphasising the use of renewable or recyclable materials, reducing CO2  emissions, and enhancing recyclability, durability, longevity and reusability.
  6. Excludes markets where regulatory constraints prevent battery removability.
  7. Excludes markets where regulatory constraints prevent implementation.
  8. Due to the complex and systemic nature of child and forced labour, this represents an ongoing ambition rather than a time-bound target.
  9. Employee Engagement Index focuses on employees’ connection to their organisation, marked by committed effort to achieve goals (being engaged) in environments that support productivity (being enabled) and maintained personal wellbeing (feeling energised).

Concluding our current sustainability targets

This page presents a selection of our current targets and our performance against them. Our performance against the complete set of current sustainability targets is reported in our 2025 Sustainability Performance Data Book.

Our THR targets extend beyond 2025, they remain central to tracking our performance against our long‑term ambition to build a Smokeless World.

Similarly, while our current climate targets run through 2030, the progress we have already made against them has enabled us to enhance our commitments beyond our current Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) target.

Together with our progress across our impact areas, these targets strengthen the foundation for sustainable growth.

Concluding our current 2025 targets marks a key milestone in our sustainability journey.

We are proud of our achievements to date, making significant progress in reducing our GHG emissions, achieving all of our water targets and some of our operational waste reduction targets.

We recognise that further progress still needs to be made. We remain focused on closing the gaps and addressing challenges as they evolve.

Our new and updated 2030 targets are detailed above.

Tobacco Harm Reduction
Key Milestones and Tracking Progress
Advanced our Commitment to Responsible Vaping Products

We have made progress on our goals while maintaining our dedication to high product quality and responsible product stewardship.

Omni™

introduced in 2024 and recognised at the Global Platinum PR Awards, marking our efforts to reframe Tobacco Harm Reduction.

Age-verification

-enabled vapour products launched in three markets in 2025.

50% of our revenue from Smokeless products by 2035
% of revenue from Smokeless products
A chart showing: target: in progress. 2025 figure is 18.2%, 2024 is 17.5% and 2023 is 16.5%
50 million Smokeless product consumers by 2030
Number of consumers1 (millions)
A chart showing: target: in progress. 2025 figure is 34.1, 2024 is 29.4 and 2023 is 25.5
Note:
  1. The revision from 29.1 million to 29.4 million users in 2024 reflects survey methodology enhancements. In Germany, moving from telephonic to web-based interviews has a net impact of +0.4mn and the introduction of Track in Finland has an impact of -0.03mn. 2025 market research assumptions have been applied to previous years to prevent any trend breaks. 2023 data excludes Russia and Belarus.
Climate
Key Milestones and Tracking Progress
Digital Sustainability Control Tower

We started its implementation in 2025, built on the Microsoft Sustainability Manager. The system centralises climate-related data, supporting regulatory compliance and better decision-making.

21%

reduction in Scope 1, 2, and 3 GHG emissions between 2020 and 2024, equivalent to 1,323 ktCO₂e.

Triple-A

rating from CDP for our 2024 and 2025 disclosures on Climate Change, Water Security and Forest.

50% absolute reduction in Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions by 2030 versus 2020 baseline2, 3
% change in emissions relative to baseline
A chart showing: target: in progress. 2025 figure is 46.6%, 2024 is 42.6% and 2023 is 27.1%
30.3% absolute reduction in Scope 3 Forest, Land and Agriculture (FLAG) GHG emissions by 2030 versus 2020 baseline2, 3
% change in emissions relative to baseline
A chart showing: target: in progress. 2024 figure is -16%, 2023 is -22% and 2022 is +6%
42% absolute reduction in Scope 3 Industrial (non-FLAG) GHG emissions by 2030 versus 2020 baseline2, 3
% change in emissions relative to baseline
A chart showing: target: in progress. 2024 figure is -23%, 2023 is -9.8% and 2022 is +2%
50% renewable energy use2, 4 by 2030
Renewable energy as a percentage of direct energy use
A chart showing: target: in progress. 2025 figure is 46.6, 2024 is 45.1 and 2023 is 38.1
Nature
Key Milestones and Tracking Progress
Regenerative Agriculture Framework

We rolled out our Regenerative Agriculture Framework across key tobacco sourcing regions. The outcomes of ongoing pilot initiatives will inform our strategic direction to 2030.

100%

Alliance for Water Stewardship (AWS)1 certification across all our manufacturing sites achieved in 2025.

50.8%

reduction in water withdrawn in 2025 (versus 2017 baseline), surpassing our target of 35% which was achieved two years ahead of schedule in 2023.

Deforestation and Conversion Free tobacco supply chain by 2025
% wood used in our Thrive Supply Chain with Deforestation and Conversion Free (DCF) Status
A chart showing: target: not achieved. 2025 figure is 99.99%, 2024 is 98.5% and 2023 is 96.5%
Deforestation Free pulp and paper supply chain by 2025
% of pulp and paper materials sourced with low risk of deforestation
A chart showing: target: achieved. 2025 figure is 100%, 2024 is 86.3% and 2023 is 69.3%
35% reduction in water withdrawn in our own operations by 2025 versus 2017 baseline2
% reduction in water withdrawal relative to base year
A chart showing: target: achieved. 2025 figure is 50.8%, 2024 is 47.4% and 2023 is 39.2%
100% of operations sites to be Alliance for Water Stewardship (AWS) certified by 2025
% of operations sites that are AWS certified
A chart showing: target: achieved. 2025 figure is 100%, 2024 is 91% and 2023 is 68.8%
Note:
  1. AWS certification refers to independent certification against the Alliance for Water Stewardship (AWS) Standard 2.0.
Circularity
Key Milestones and Tracking Progress
Investingin eco-design

We launched our premium Vapour device with a removable battery, Vuse Ultra, marking a key step toward extending product life and helping to facilitate recycling.

0.85%

of our operational waste going to landfill achieved in 2025.

30.4%

reduction in absolute volume of operational waste generated in 2025 (versus 2017 baseline), with this 25% target achieved two years ahead of schedule in 2023.

100% of our packaging to be reusable, recyclable or compostable where facilities exist by 20255
% of packaging reusable, recyclable or compostable
A chart showing: target: not achieved. 2025 figure is 98.5%, 2024 is 97% and 2023 is 94%
25% reduction in waste generated in own operations by 2025 vs 2017 baseline2
% reduction in operational waste generated
A chart showing: target: not achieved. 2025 figure is 30.4%, 2024 is 31% and 2023 is 28.2%
Less than 1% of our operational waste going to landfill by 20252
% of operational waste going to landfill
A chart showing: target: achieved. 2025 figure is 0.9%, 2024 is 1.3% and 2023 is 1.8%
90% recycling rate of total waste generated across our own operations by 20252
% of waste recycled
A chart showing: target: not achieved. 2025 figure is 88.6%, 2024 is 88.1% and 2023 is 87.6%
Communities
Key Milestones and Tracking Progress
Achieved our labour audit target

We met our 2025 target for 100% of product materials and Higher-Risk Indirect Suppliers‡ to have undergone at least one independent labour audit within a three-year cycle.

93.5%

of our farmers in the Thrive Supply Chain were reported to have diversified crops in 2025.

1%

pay gap between permanent BAT male and female employees maintained since 2021.

Aiming for zero child labour incidents in our tobacco supply chain by 2025
% of incidents of child labour identified and reported as resolved by end of the growing season
A chart showing: ambition: ongoing focus area. 2025 figure is 100%, 2024 is 100% and 2023 is 100%
100% of product materials and Higher-Risk Indirect Suppliers having an independent labour audit within a three-year cycle by 2025
% suppliers undergoing labour audits during the last three years
A chart showing: target: achieved. 2025 figure is 100%, 2024 is 90.6% and 2023 is 58.8%
Increase the proportion of women on Senior Leadership teams to 40%
% female representation on Senior Leadership teams
A chart showing: target: not achieved. 2025 figure is 38.8%, 2024 is 36.5% and 2023 is 33.6%
Increase the proportion of women in Management roles to 45%
% female representation in Management roles
A chart showing: target: not achieved. 2025 figure is 44.4%, 2024 is 43.5% and 2023 is 41.9%
Notes:

For a full description of key terms and definitions, refer to the BAT 'Reporting Criteria' in our 2025 Sustainability Performance Data Book at bat.com/reporting

  1. The revision from 29.1 million to 29.4 million users in 2024 reflects survey methodology enhancements. In Germany, moving from telephonic to web-based interviews has a net impact of +0.4mn and the introduction of Track in Finland has an impact of -0.03mn. 2025 market research assumptions have been applied to previous years to prevent any trend breaks. 2023 data excludes Russia and Belarus.
  2. Environmental, health and safety data in relation to our own operations is reported for the period 1 December 2024 to 30 November 2025.
  3. Compared to a 2020 baseline. Our current near-term 2030 science-based targets comprise a 50% reduction in Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions. We have set an updated corporate target of 60% reduction in Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions, reflecting our ambition to go beyond our current Science-Based Target. The Scope 3 industrial (non-FLAG) GHG emissions target includes purchased goods and services, upstream transportation and distribution, use of sold products, and end-of-life treatment of sold products. The Scope 3 FLAG GHG emissions target includes FLAG emissions and removals. Combined, these targets comprised 77% of Scope 3 emissions in 2020. Due to the complexity of consolidating Scope 3 data from our suppliers and value chain, we report Scope 3 data one year behind other metrics. Refer to the BAT ‘Reporting Criteria’ for our full methodology: bat.com/reporting.
  4. Renewable energy includes: Energy generated from renewable fuels at our sites (e.g. wood fuel, biomass fuels) and in fleet vehicles, owned or leased (e.g. biodiesel); Purchased renewable electricity, hot water and steam; and Renewable energy generated on site using non-fuel technology (e.g. with photovoltaic installations or solar water heaters).
  5. Our calculation excludes about 1.7% of total material used in our packaging, representing exclusions due to regulatory requirements in certain markets and adhesives used in packaging.
  6. These Group-wide targets do not represent quotas. For each vacancy, the most suitable candidate, regardless of their gender or ethnicity, should be hired. We also recognise that there may be local requirements or other circumstances that need to guide our hiring practices in various locations where we operate. For example, Reynolds American Inc. does not establish or work towards achieving representation targets.
8
Offering the consumer choice

We are proud of our powerful portfolio of brands. This includes our combustibles portfolio and our Smokeless product brands which we believe will accelerate us towards our strategic aim. Our product pipeline is strong, aided by our quality insights, science and innovation, and being well-positioned globally. We offer adult consumers all over the world a range of high-quality products – from value-for-money to premium, including combustible products, Vapour, Modern Oral and Heated Products.

Link to Principal Risks
Competition from illicit trade; Geopolitical tensions; Tobacco, New Categories and other regulation interrupts growth strategy; Supply Chain disruption; Litigation; Significant increases or structural changes in tobacco, nicotine and New Categories related taxes; Inability to develop, commercialise and deliver the New Categories strategy; Disputed taxes, interest and penalties; Foreign exchange rate exposures; Circular economy