2 Segmental analyses

As the chief operating decision maker, the Management Board reviews external revenues and adjusted profit from operations to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources. Interest income, interest expense and taxation are centrally managed and accordingly such items are not presented by segment as they are excluded from the measure of segment profitability.

The Management Board reviews current and prior year segmental revenue, adjusted profit from operations of subsidiaries and adjusted post-tax results of associates and joint ventures at constant rates of exchange. The constant rate comparison provided for reporting segment information is based on a retranslation, at prior year exchange rates, of the current year results of the Group’s overseas entities but, other than in exceptional circumstances, does not adjust for transactional gains and losses in operations which are generated by movements in exchange rates. As a result, the 2010 segmental results were translated using the 2009 average rates of exchange. The 2009 comparative figures are also stated at the 2009 average rates of exchange.

The analyses of revenue for the 12 months to 31 December 2010 and 31 December 2009, based on location of sales, are as follows:

2010 2009
Revenue Constant rates
£m
Translation exchange
£m
Revenue Current rates
£m
Revenue
£m
Asia-Pacific 3,448   311   3,759   3,270
Americas 3,202   296   3,498   3,156
Western Europe 3,486   (67)   3,419   3,884
Eastern Europe 1,726   (40)   1,686   1,628
Africa and Middle East 2,401 120 2,521 2,270
Revenue 14,263 620 14,883 14,208

The analyses of profit from operations and the Group’s share of the post-tax results of associates and joint ventures, reconciled to profit before taxation, are as follows:

2010 2009
Adjusted*
segment
result
Constant
rates
£m
Translation
exchange**
£m
Adjusted*
segment result
Current rates
£m
Adjusting
items
£m
Segment result
Current rates
£m
Adjusted*
segment
result
£m
Adjusting
items
£m
Segment
result
£m
                               
Asia-Pacific 1,195   137   1,332   (56)   1,276   1,148   (59)   1,089
Americas 1,248   134   1,382   (36)   1,346   1,186   (51)   1,135
Western Europe 1,081   (27)   1,054   (236)   818   994   (188)   806
Eastern Europe 428   (70)   358     358   409   (16)   393
Africa and Middle East 793   65   858   (338)   520   724   (46)   678
                               
Profit from operations 4,745   239   4,984   (666)   4,318   4,461   (360)   4,101
Net finance costs         (480)           (504)
                               
Asia-Pacific 194   14   208   (9)   199   148       148
Americas 407   5   412   (63)   349   391   (58)   333
Africa and Middle East 2     2     2   2       2
                               
Share of post-tax
results of associates
and joint ventures
603   19   622   (72) 550 541   (58)   483
Profit before taxation 4,388 4,080
*
The adjustments to profit from operations and the Group’s share of the post-tax results of associates and joint ventures are explained in notes 3(e) to 3(h) and in note 5, respectively.
**
Translation exchange in Eastern Europe includes exceptional transactional exchange losses in respect of the Group’s subsidiary in Uzbekistan.

Adjusted profit from operations at constant rates of £4,745 million (2009: £4,461 million) excludes impairment of intangibles and property, plant and equipment, as well as amortisation of trademarks. These are treated as adjusting items as explained in notes 3(b) and 3(e) to (g) and are excluded from segmental profit from operations at constant rates as follows:

2010 2009
Adjusted depreciation and amortisation
Constant rates
£m
Translation
exchange
£m
Adjusted depreciation and amortisation
Current rates
£m
Adjusting items comprising impairment and amortisation of trademarks
£m
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment
Current rates
£m
Adjusted depreciation and amortisation
£m
Adjusting items comprising impairment and amortisation of trademarks
£m
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment
£m
Asia-Pacific 91   7   98   26   124   112 21 133
Americas 98   9   107     107   104 18 122
Western Europe 125   (1)   124   104   228   124 96 220
Eastern Europe 50   1   51     51   53 7 60
Africa and Middle East 60 2 62 325 387 53 23 76
424 18 442 455 897 446 165 611

External revenue and non-current assets other than financial instruments, deferred tax assets and retirement benefit assets are analysed between the UK and all foreign countries at current rates of exchange as follows:

United Kingdom All foreign countries Group
Revenue is based on location of sale 2010
£m
2009
£m
2010
£m
2009
£m
2010
£m
2009
£m
External revenue 103 83 14,780 14,125 14,883 14,208
United Kingdom All foreign countries Group
2010
£m
2009
£m
2010
£m
2009
£m
2010
£m
2009
£m
Intangible assets 110 65   12,348 12,167   12,458 12,232
Property, plant and equipment 159 130   2,958 2,880   3,117 3,010
Investments in associates and joint ventures 2,666 2,521 2,666 2,521

Included in the external revenue from foreign countries is £1,696 million (2009: £1,529 million) attributable to Brazil, being the only subsidiary contributing more than 10 per cent of the Group’s external revenue in 2010 and 2009. The main acquisitions comprising the goodwill balance of £11,656 million (2009: £11,331 million) in intangible assets is provided in note 9. Included in investments in associates and joint ventures are amounts of £1,872 million (2009: £1,805 million) attributable to the investment in Reynolds American and £747 million (2009: £670 million) attributable to the investment in ITC. Further information can be found in note 11.

Segmental analysis of revenue and profit for 2010 for the regional structure change that will be applicable from 2011

Due to the decision to reduce the management structure from five regions to four regions from 1 January 2011, markets which currently comprise the Eastern Europe region will be merged into the Africa and Middle East region and the Western Europe region. Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Caucasus and Central Asia will form part of the new Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa region (EEMEA) while Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania and Kosovo will become part of the Western Europe region. The following analysis of revenue and adjusted profit from operations is being provided as additional information and will be the comparative information used by the Management Board in 2011 to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources.

2010
Revenue
Current rates
£m
Asia-Pacific     3,759
Americas     3,498
Western Europe     3,695
Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa 3,931
Revenue 14,883
2010
Adjusted*
segment profit
Current rates
£m
Adjusting items
£m
Segment result
Current rates
£m
           
Asia-Pacific 1,332   (56)   1,276
Americas 1,382   (36)   1,346
Western Europe 1,103   (236)   867
Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa 1,167   (338)   829
           
Profit from operations 4,984   (666)   4,318
Net finance costs     (480)
           
Asia-Pacific 208   (9)   199
Americas 412   (63)   349
Western Europe    
Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa 2     2
           
Share of post-tax results of associates and joint ventures 622   (72)   550
Profit before taxation     4,388
*
The adjustments to profit from operations and the Group’s share of the post-tax results of associates and joint ventures are explained in notes 3(e) to 3(h) and in note 5, respectively.